Ohio Buckeye, Aesculus glabra Willd
DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: Leaves once-pinnately compound, opposite; leaflets 5 to 7 in number (usually 5), 3 to 6 inches long, elliptic to slightly oblong, gradually tapered to both the apex and the base; margins finely toothed. WInter twigs stout, red-brown to gray, glabrous; leaf scars rather large, half-rounded to shield-shaped, bundle scars 3 or in 3 groups. Buds ovoid, light brown, with 5 or 6 pairs of dry brown scales, the terminal 1/2 to 2/3 inch long. Flowers yellow-green, perfect or imperfect, irregular, in panicles, appearing after the leaves in spring. Fruit a nutlike capsule 1 to 2 inches in diameter with 1 or 2 seeds; capsule wall thick and leathery with deciduous prickles; seeds large, dark shiny brown, with a single large, pale spot (hilum). Bark ashy gray, separating into scaly plates divided by shallow furrows.
SIMILAR TREES: Common horsechestnut, our only other tree with palmately compound leaves, has white flowers and obovate, coarsely toothed leaflets abruptly tapered to the apex. Several shrubby species of Aesculus are planted. In winter, horsechestnut has dark, sticky buds.
IOWA DISTRIBUTION: Native south of a line extending from Mills County northeast to Boone County east to Clinton County. Planted throughout the state and sometimes escaping.
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